{"id":1007,"asset_id":"1299","title":"Evidence for a connection between coronavirus disease-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G","alias":"evidence-for-a-connection-between-coronavirus-disease-19-and-exposure-to-radiofrequency-radiation-from-wireless-communications-including-5g","introtext":"<header class=\"ncbi-header\" role=\"banner\" data-section=\"Header\">\r\n<div class=\"usa-grid\">\r\n<div class=\"usa-width-one-whole\">\r\n<div class=\"ncbi-popup-anchor\">\r\n<div id=\"account_popup\" class=\"ncbi-popup account-popup\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n<div class=\"account-links\"><img src=\"images\/image_2022-01-24_054844.png\" alt=\"image_2022-01-24_054844.png\" width=\"599\" height=\"128\" \/><\/div>\r\n<div class=\"account-links\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"account-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/\" class=\"pubmed-logo\" aria-label=\"Pubmed Logo\" data-ga-category=\"featured_link\" data-ga-action=\"pubmed_logo\"><img src=\"https:\/\/cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/8a5a49bc-b0c1-4017-a5b0-64fbd54ff245\/core\/images\/pubmed-logo-blue.svg\" alt=\"pubmed logo\" width=\"274\" height=\"77\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div id=\"article-page\" class=\"article-page\" data-article-pmid=\"34778597\">\r\n<aside class=\"page-sidebar\">\r\n<div class=\"inner-wrap\"><nav class=\"page-navigator\" role=\"navigation\" aria-label=\"Page navigation\">\r\n<h3 class=\"heading-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34778597\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evidence for a connection between coronavirus disease-19 and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G<\/a><\/h3>\r\n<\/nav><\/div>\r\n<\/aside>\r\n<header id=\"heading\" class=\"heading\">\r\n<div id=\"full-view-heading\" class=\"full-view\">\r\n<div class=\"inline-authors\">\r\n<div class=\"authors\">\r\n<div class=\"authors-list\"><span class=\"authors-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Rubik+B&amp;cauthor_id=34778597\" class=\"full-name\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Beverly Rubik\">Beverly Rubik<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34778597\/#affiliation-1\" class=\"affiliation-link\" title=\"Department of Mind-Body Medicine, College of Integrative Medicine and Health Sciences, Saybrook University, Pasadena CA, USA.\">1<\/a><span class=\"author-sup-separator\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34778597\/#affiliation-2\" class=\"affiliation-link\" title=\"Institute for Frontier Science, Oakland, CA, USA.\">2<\/a><\/sup><span class=\"comma\">,&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><span class=\"authors-list-item\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/?term=Brown+RR&amp;cauthor_id=34778597\" class=\"full-name\" data-ga-category=\"search\" data-ga-action=\"author_link\" data-ga-label=\"Robert R Brown\">Robert R Brown<\/a><sup class=\"affiliation-links\"><span class=\"author-sup-separator\"><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34778597\/#affiliation-3\" class=\"affiliation-link\" title=\"Department of Radiology, Hamot Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Erie, PA; Radiology Partners, Phoenix, AZ, USA.\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/span><\/div>\r\n","fulltext":"\r\n<div class=\"authors-list\">\r\n<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"abstract\">\r\n<div id=\"abstract\" class=\"abstract\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title\">Abstract<\/h2>\r\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">\r\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Background and aim:&nbsp;<\/strong>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) public health policy has focused on the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and its effects on human health while environmental factors have been largely ignored. In considering the epidemiological triad (agent-host-environment) applicable to all disease, we investigated a possible environmental factor in the COVID-19 pandemic: ambient radiofrequency radiation from wireless communication systems including microwaves and millimeter waves. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that caused the COVID-19 pandemic, surfaced in Wuhan, China shortly after the implementation of city-wide (fifth generation [5G] of wireless communications radiation [WCR]), and rapidly spread globally, initially demonstrating a statistical correlation to international communities with recently established 5G networks. In this study, we examined the peer-reviewed scientific literature on the detrimental bioeffects of WCR and identified several mechanisms by which WCR may have contributed to the COVID-19 pandemic as a toxic environmental cofactor. By crossing boundaries between the disciplines of biophysics and pathophysiology, we present evidence that WCR may: (1) cause morphologic changes in erythrocytes including echinocyte and rouleaux formation that can contribute to hypercoagulation; (2) impair microcirculation and reduce erythrocyte and hemoglobin levels exacerbating hypoxia; (3) amplify immune system dysfunction, including immunosuppression, autoimmunity, and hyperinflammation; (4) increase cellular oxidative stress and the production of free radicals resulting in vascular injury and organ damage; (5) increase intracellular Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>&nbsp;essential for viral entry, replication, and release, in addition to promoting pro-inflammatory pathways; and (6) worsen heart arrhythmias and cardiac disorders.<\/p>\r\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Relevance for patients:&nbsp;<\/strong>In short, WCR has become a ubiquitous environmental stressor that we propose may have contributed to adverse health outcomes of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 and increased the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, we recommend that all people, particularly those suffering from SARS-CoV-2 infection, reduce their exposure to WCR as much as reasonably achievable until further research better clarifies the systemic health effects associated with chronic WCR exposure.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p><strong class=\"sub-title\">Keywords:&nbsp;<\/strong>COVID-19; Coronavirus; coronavirus 2; coronavirus disease-19; electromagnetic fields; electromagnetic stress; environmental factor; microwave; millimeter wave; pandemic; public health; radio frequency; radiofrequency; severe acute respiratory syndrome; wireless.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p id=\"copyright\" class=\"copyright\">Copyright: \u00a9 Whioce Publishing Pte. Ltd.<\/p>\r\n<div id=\"conflict-of-interest\" class=\"conflict-of-interest\">\r\n<h3 class=\"title\">Conflict of interest statement<\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"statement\">\r\n<p>The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest in preparing and publishing this manuscript. No competing financial interests exist.<\/p>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"enc-abstract\" class=\"abstract-content selected\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"related-links\" class=\"related-links\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title\">Similar articles<\/h2>\r\n<ul id=\"similar-articles-list\" class=\"articles-list\">\r\n<li class=\"full-docsum\">\r\n<div class=\"docsum-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/32576739\/\" class=\"docsum-title\" data-ga-category=\"similar_article\" data-ga-action=\"32576739\" data-ga-label>IEEE Committee on Man and Radiation-COMAR Technical Information Statement: Health and Safety Issues Concerning Exposure of the General Public to Electromagnetic Energy from 5G Wireless Communications Networks.<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"docsum-citation full-citation\"><span class=\"docsum-authors full-authors\">Bushberg JT, Chou CK, Foster KR, Kavet R, Maxson DP, Tell RA, Ziskin MC.<\/span><span class=\"docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation\">Health Phys. 2020 Aug;119(2):236-246. doi: 10.1097\/HP.0000000000001301.<\/span><span class=\"citation-part\">PMID:&nbsp;<span class=\"docsum-pmid\">32576739<\/span><\/span>&nbsp;<span class=\"free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part\">Free PMC article.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li class=\"full-docsum\">\r\n<div class=\"docsum-content\"><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34033342\/\" class=\"docsum-title\" data-ga-category=\"similar_article\" data-ga-action=\"34033342\" data-ga-label>Emerging Variants of SARS-CoV-2 And Novel Therapeutics Against Coronavirus (COVID-19).<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"docsum-citation full-citation\"><span class=\"docsum-authors full-authors\">Aleem A, Akbar Samad AB, Slenker AK.<\/span><span class=\"docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation\"><span class=\"docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation\">2022 Jan 5. 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Med Res Arch. 2021;9:2371.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<div class=\"actions-bar\">&nbsp;<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/34778597\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">READ AT NIH &gt;&gt;&gt;<\/a><\/h2>\r\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\r\n<h2 class=\"title\">Related information<\/h2>\r\n<ul class=\"related-links-list\">\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/medgen\/?linkname=pubmed_medgen&amp;from_uid=34778597\" title=\"Related information in MedGen\">MedGen<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div id=\"linkout\" class=\"linkout\">\r\n<h2 class=\"title\">LinkOut - more resources<\/h2>\r\n<ul class=\"linkout-list\">\r\n<li>\r\n<h3 class=\"linkout-category\">Full Text Sources<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"linkout-category-links\">\r\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/europepmc.org\/abstract\/MED\/34778597\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ga-category=\"link_out\" data-ga-action=\"Full Text Sources\" data-ga-label=\"Europe PubMed Central\">Europe PubMed Central<\/a><\/li>\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/pmid\/34778597\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ga-category=\"link_out\" data-ga-action=\"Full Text Sources\" data-ga-label=\"PubMed Central\">PubMed Central<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<li>\r\n<h3 class=\"linkout-category\">Miscellaneous<\/h3>\r\n<ul class=\"linkout-category-links\">\r\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/assays.cancer.gov\/CPTAC-177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-ga-category=\"link_out\" data-ga-action=\"Miscellaneous\" data-ga-label=\"NCI CPTAC Assay Portal\">NCI CPTAC Assay Portal<\/a><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/header><\/div>","state":1,"catid":"59","created":"2022-01-24 12:51:28","created_by":"873","created_by_alias":"","modified":"2022-01-29 16:24:13","modified_by":"873","checked_out":"873","checked_out_time":"2022-01-29 16:23:31","publish_up":"2022-01-24 12:51:28","publish_down":"0000-00-00 00:00:00","images":"{\"image_intro\":\"\",\"float_intro\":\"\",\"image_intro_alt\":\"\",\"image_intro_caption\":\"\",\"image_fulltext\":\"\",\"float_fulltext\":\"\",\"image_fulltext_alt\":\"\",\"image_fulltext_caption\":\"\"}","urls":"{\"urla\":false,\"urlatext\":\"\",\"targeta\":\"\",\"urlb\":false,\"urlbtext\":\"\",\"targetb\":\"\",\"urlc\":false,\"urlctext\":\"\",\"targetc\":\"\"}","attribs":"{\"article_layout\":\"\",\"show_title\":\"\",\"link_titles\":\"\",\"show_tags\":\"\",\"show_intro\":\"\",\"info_block_position\":\"\",\"info_block_show_title\":\"\",\"show_category\":\"\",\"link_category\":\"\",\"show_parent_category\":\"\",\"link_parent_category\":\"\",\"show_associations\":\"\",\"show_author\":\"\",\"link_author\":\"\",\"show_create_date\":\"\",\"show_modify_date\":\"\",\"show_publish_date\":\"\",\"show_item_navigation\":\"\",\"show_icons\":\"\",\"show_print_icon\":\"\",\"show_email_icon\":\"\",\"show_vote\":\"\",\"show_hits\":\"\",\"show_noauth\":\"\",\"urls_position\":\"\",\"alternative_readmore\":\"\",\"article_page_title\":\"\",\"show_publishing_options\":\"\",\"show_article_options\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_backend\":\"\",\"show_urls_images_frontend\":\"\"}","version":8,"ordering":"4","metakey":"","metadesc":"","access":"1","hits":"20","metadata":"{\"robots\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"rights\":\"\",\"xreference\":\"\"}","featured":"1","language":"*","xreference":"","note":""}